Profile of Offshore Financial Center - Bahamas Term Paper

Profile of Offshore Financial Center - Bahamas - Term Paper Example Especially for the seaward organization, it requires to play out a few registers and explores with the favored seaward money related focus to guarantee that putting resources into that market can ensure productive budgetary returns (Zorome, 2007). It is against this foundation that occasional natural evaluation examinations are performed for different seaward monetary focuses to test their budgetary reasonability for explicit seaward organizations and seaward nations. In the current paper, the spotlight is put on Bahamas as a seaward money related focus to fundamentally understudy the suitability of that budgetary market as a favored substance to use to raise capital Intel Corporation before doing an underlying open offer. The profiling of Bahamas as a reasonable seaward budgetary focus is done along six significant boundaries as laid out underneath. Mystery and Views In the money related market, for example, the seaward monetary focus, issues of mystery and perspectives are signific ant for the assurance of budgetary straightforwardness of a given place. It is therefore that the need to contemplate the mystery and perspectives that sways the Bahamian seaward market, for example, monetary mystery is significant for settling on choice on the determination of the nation as an element for raising capital for an underlying open offer. Nyangosi, Arora and Sing (2009) has clarified that circumstances of monetary mystery exists when money related foundations won't unveil critical budgetary data to the proper experts for charge dynamic and other criminal law authorization strategies. As a result, a higher scoring on monetary mystery list is a negative sign for agreeable money related straightforwardness. Then as per the Tax Justice Network (2011), the scoring for Bahamas in money related straightforwardness is 83%, showing an unsuitable degree of mystery and concealment of perspectives. From the diagram underneath, it will be noticed that from a 15 money related mystery pointer, Bahamas scored negative imprints for a large portion of the markers. Source: Tax Justice Network (2011) For speculators needing to pick Bahamas as a favored element to use to raise capital for Intel Corporation before doing an IPO, the danger of not knowing the real money related qualities and figures for most pointers that will be important for taking financial exchange choices wins (Breiman et al, 2009). Having expressed the abovementioned in any case, it is imperative to emphasize the point that new arrangements and changes have begun rising in Bahamas that make officeholder upon the nation to have a free economy and trade data as determined in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) rules (Riyadh, Akter and Islam, 2009). Nearness to US Proximity has consistently been supposed to be a significant factor in the assurance of a seaward money related focus goal for raising capital for Intel Corporation in front of an underlying open offer. This is on t he grounds that most seaward organizations that work in seaward budgetary focuses do as such by working guardian organizations that oversee and run the key hierarchical

Pacific oil company free essay sample

The Pacific Oil Company went into arrangements with Reliant Manufacturing, and its objective was to sign an all the more long haul understanding. Pacific expected that the new agreement would be marked with no significant obstacles or goals, and that the prevailing purpose of exchange would be cost. Jean Fontaine, who is the promoting VP for Pacific Oil, went into an exchange procedure with Reliant. Jean began the procedure quite a while before Reliant Manufacturing’s contract was up, planning to beat her opposition to the lower value offers and leave with an agreement expansion of 5 years. Sadly, Jean didn't appropriately investigate her client’s needs or sufficiently venture what the result may be. Along these lines, Pacific Oil Company was not set up to address the worries and demands that Reliant raised during the arrangement. Despite the fact that the two gatherings needed to move rapidly toward marking an agreement, Pacific Oil Company stretched this procedure since it didn't have an exhaustive exchange technique that incorporated an emergency course of action or best other options. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pacific oil organization or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Pacific oil additionally fail to draw out its best other options or main concern ahead of time. Remaining on the Same Page in Business Negotiations Pacific accepted that different components of the agreement may be talked about, yet that no sensational changes would be normal. Due to Pacific’s absence of key arranging, they burned through important time, cash, passionate pressure and vitality. They likewise gambled losing different open doors that could have been progressively great for them. Adding to the issue was Pacific’s presumption that Reliant would sign another agreement rapidly. Due to the time and cash spent on voyaging and haggling to and fro, and the expected requirement for new innovation advancement, which would be founded on the contract’s result, Pacific Oil Company turned out to be progressively frantic to settle an agreement with Reliant. Accordingly, Reliant got the preferred position expected to set more expectations during exchanges. Moreover, Reliant knew about Pacific Oil’s reliance on its business, and made the most of these chances.

Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products Essay Example

A dangerous atmospheric devation and Personal Hygiene Products Paper Contamination happens totally all over, each and every second of the day, wherever on earth. It occurs in numerous city, numerous town, or many state. You can discover contamination in vehicles, home gadgets, individual cleanliness items, cataclysmic events, and even your own home. Contamination is poison for whatever lives and inhales; it harms water, air, land, people, and creatures, so it can't to be trifled with. As a law people should take more mind of their environmental factors and invest more energy to protect the world we live in, regardless of whether it is badly designed to us. In such a case that we dont spare ourselves, who will? The things we could do to spare our planet from contamination could lessen further pulverization - Everyone is profited when we have clean water, air, land, and so on.. For instance, we never hear any report about an individual passing on as a result of clean air however rather we hear news like, man kicked the bucket from contamination, family living in home contamination, water tests show contamination particles, the rundown goes on until the end of time. By recognizing the issue at a beginning time, we can begin to switch the contamination procedure. In this way making our mom Earth more clean. The entertaining thing of this is however the earth is getting dirtied man is least made a fuss over it . Doesnt realize that he himself is causing his own downfall since contamination ruins his own wellbeing as well as compounds his personal satisfaction. Individuals in urban areas who are presented to different sorts of contamination experience the ill effects of a few infirmities like hy pertension, asthma and skin ailments. Trash tossed around prompts break out of scourges like cholera, intestinal sickness, Cunningham and so forth. Toxic synthetic concoctions from the air just as our water bodies have as of late caused an exponential ascent in malignant growth cases Scientists state that it is as yet not late to act, and governments everywhere throughout the world have begun acting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Nations are attempting their best to control contamination by receiving estimates like control of CA outflows, utilizing clean powers, appropriate waste administration practices, and planting trees for an enormous scope. Anyway no endeavors would be finished except if every one us does our bit to ensure our condition. We as a whole can contribute in our little path by sparing fuel, water and power, arranging trash mindfully and living straightforward lives. It is the duty of every single one of us to protect the earth with the goal that people in the future can appreciate the excellence and abundance of Mother nature.

Impact the German state on Europe economy Term Paper

Effect the German state on Europe economy - Term Paper Example  The world has taken an adjustment in pattern where nations structure financial gatherings dependent on the districts in which they have a place. The financial squares wherein nations are gathered are methodologies through which they get advantage as far as anticipating the monetary advantages of individual nations. The financial squares open the exchanging outskirts these areas. The suggestion is that these nations when they come as territorial squares open up exchanging stages a greater scale that they would independently. Germany is truly one of the most conspicuous nations that ring in the ears of numerous individuals. Of eminent reference is its association in the extraordinary world wars that occurred in two stages for example World War I and World War II. Its political organizing started from these two memorable occasions which were fuelled by mechanical and different financial aspects changes for endurance. Fulbrook attests, â€Å"From the time of the incredible world was, it has experienced a great deal of political and financial realignments that place it among the most compelling countries on the planet today†. German’s place in the monetary world has essentially been significant. This draws importance from past events just as recorded frequencies. There are circumstances which warrant block attempts from financially unrivaled nations. In the ongoing past, the world has encountered what could be depicted as wild occasions. The vulnerability that shook the zone inside which Germany falls was without a doubt influenced. Germany was very little influenced by the occasions and emergencies that were felt internationally. In examining the hugeness of Germany, it is basic that its military just as financial contributions on the worldwide scene be brought into point of view. This is the thing that the accompanying talk digs in. Strategically, Germany has originated from its dim past where it had been even been separated into two states with totally unique financial philosophies in which one state which was the law based west with industrialist monetary philosophy. The other state was the socialist east with the socialist financial framework. As per Leininger, â€Å"Later the two groups cut down the Berlin divider and framed one country with the equivalent monetary strategies that has seen it ascend to the rundown of the most evolved nations in the world† (234). It is this degree of financial thriving that is making it exceptionally compelling in this exploration paper. Point of the examination This paper centers around building up the variables that make Germany to be at the focal point of center in foundation, the board and execution of the European Union. It accordingly focuses on all the perceptible monetary parts of this nation in regard with its job and degree of impact in the European mainland everywhere and European Union explicitly. Importance of this investigation The current financial difficulties are tough assignment to numerous countries and along these lines some basic methodologies need to taken up by the

Swing Essays - Fiction, Grandpa, GrandPas, Swing Music,

Swing Each late spring I go to my grandpa's home it was the point at which I was six years of age that we first went for the stroll over the old scaffold that extension was an uncommon extension I had continuously realized the stream was there, dislike this it was a pleasant stroll to the stream with grandpa that waterway was an exceptional waterway I could guess by the look in his eyes that today was a unique day grandpa highlighted an old tree that wasn't a long way from the extension it was an exceptional tree from the start it was frightening, yet the more I taken a gander at it, the more astuteness it appeared to hold (simply like grandpa) grandpa indicated me an old swing and set me on it he educated me regarding all the difficult work he had done to cause it and it caused me to feel glad to sit on it was on that equivalent swing that grandpa requested that grandmother wed him this swing was an exceptional swing he talked and I listened-it was the first occasion when I had truly tuned in to what grandpa needed to state we spent the entire evening somewhere around the swing grandpa told me that that was the place daddy had broken his arm this swing implied a great deal to grandpa and I love him.

Holiday Blues Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Coping

Holiday Blues Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Coping Depression Types Print An Overview of the Holiday Blues By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 30, 2019 tommaso79/Getty Images More in Depression Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping How to Get Help View All Back To Top The holidays are usually viewed as a time of happiness and rejoicing, but for some people, it can be a period of painful reflection, sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Feelings of sadness that last throughout the holiday season, usually from November through December, are often referred to as the holiday blues. While typically less serious and shorter in duration than clinical depression, these feelings can have a major impact on your ability to function normally during this time of year. Even people who love the holidays can experience the blues during this busy season. The holidays are often a time of high emotion and demands, which can leave a lot of people feeling stressed and exhausted.   The holiday blues are not a recognized disorder, but that does not mean that short-term mental health problems should be ignored. Even mild and relatively brief problems can contribute to longer-lasting symptoms of depression and anxiety. The holidays can be a particularly stressful time for those who are already coping with an existing mental health condition. In a survey by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 64% of people with an existing mental illness reported that the holidays made their condition worse. Symptoms The most common symptom of the holiday blues is a persistent or recurring feeling of sadness that begins during the holiday season. This feeling may vary in intensity and duration. Some people might feel down periodically, but experience brief periods of feeling more upbeat. Others may have more moderate to severe feelings of depression that last throughout the season.   Some signs of the holiday blues might include: Feelings of exhaustion and fatigueSleeping much more or much less than normalLosing interest in activities that you normally enjoyLack of pleasure in normal activitiesTrouble making decisionsDifficulty concentratingWithdrawing from friends and familyFeelings of lonelinessFeeling irritable or angry Even when participating in things that they would normally enjoy, people with the holiday blues have trouble enjoying themselves. Activities that are specifically related to the holiday itself, such as social events, family meals, and gift-giving, may actually trigger feelings of anxiety or sadness.   Unfortunately, people sometimes turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms to handle holiday sadness and stress. Excessive drinking, overeating, and poor sleep can make the symptoms of the holiday blues even more pronounced. There is a difference between having the holiday blues, in which the symptoms usually go away once the holidays are over, and a more serious condition such as seasonal affective disorder or major depressive disorder.   If you are having these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor or a mental health professional to determine if what you are experiencing is a case of seasonal, temporary sadness or a more lasting and serious case of depression. Causes There are a number of reasons why people might experience the holiday blues. Some of the possible causes include: Stress; the holidays can be hectic and all that stress can sometimes make it difficult to feel the holiday cheerFinancial difficulties; overextending yourself financially or struggling to afford gifts for family and friends can create an added burdenThe strain of dealing with extended family, particularly if you don’t get alongUnrealistic expectations; setting your sights too high and failing to live up to those expectationsPoor social support, isolation, and lonelinessExhaustionNot being able to go home for the holidays; missing your family and friends can make the holidays seem especially lonelyNostalgia for holidays of the past Because the holidays mark an impending new year, people may also begin to reflect on the past year and experience feelings of regret or failure. They might think about the goals that they had and the things that they wanted to do or accomplish and feel upset if they did not meet those expectations. Sometimes even having high hopes for the season can lead to stress, anxiety, and sadness. The overcommercialization of the holidays creates the expectation that people are supposed to feel nonstop joy and holiday cheer. It creates pressure to feel a very specific way, which adds yet another stressor to an already hectic time of year. The added burden of caring for houseguests, preparing and serving meals, shopping for gifts, and other holiday preparations can create even more anxiety.   It isnt just adults who are prone to seasonal sadness. Parents should recognize that children and teens are also susceptible to the holiday blues. Changes in routines, dealing with family problems, missing friends, and feeling stressed about the holidays can all contribute to feelings of sadness and anxiety in kids. Watch for the signs and talk to your child’s pediatrician if you are concerned. Symptoms of Childhood Depression Diagnosis The ‘holiday blues’ is not an officially recognized psychiatric condition in the DSM-5, the official manual that is often used to diagnose mental health conditions. This does not mean that you should not talk to your doctor about your symptoms.   During your appointment, your doctor will ask questions about the types of symptoms you have been experiencing, including the duration and severity.   Your doctor can assess your symptoms and determine if what you are feeling is more of a case or temporary seasonal sadness or a form of depression. Your doctor can also perform tests to check for any underlying medical conditions that might be contributing to your symptoms. Hypothyroidism, for example, can sometimes lead to fatigue and feelings of depression. Holiday Blues or SAD? Feeling sad during the winter and holiday months may also be a sign of a condition called seasonal affective disorder (SAD). This condition often occurs as the darker, shorter days of fall and winter when it is colder and there is less sunlight. The key difference is that SAD usually lasts until winter ends, where the holiday blues usually lift shortly after the new year begins. Symptoms of SAD include depression, mood swings, fatigue, bouts of crying, insomnia, decreased activity levels, and low sex drive. Medications can be helpful for preventing and treating seasonal affective disorder. What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder? Treatment Unless you are diagnosed with a more serious case of depression, your doctor probably won’t prescribe medications to treat your symptoms. In many cases, you can manage the holiday blues on your own with lifestyle changes and social support.   Your doctor may also refer you to a mental health professional for psychotherapy or counseling. Just because the holiday blues are usually short-term does not mean that talking to a mental health professional won’t help.   Your therapist can work with you to identify patterns of negative thinking that contribute to feelings of sadness and depression and replace such thoughts with more helpful ones, an approach that is known as cognitive-behavioral therapy.   Therapy can also help you develop better stress management, communication, and relationship skills that can be helpful in both the short and long-term. The Best Online Help Resources for Depression Coping In addition to talking to your doctor or a mental health professional, there are a number of things that you can do on your own to make the holidays easier to deal with.   Avoid Excessive Alcohol Alcohol is a depressant and drinking too much can exacerbate any negative feelings that you might have. This doesnt mean you need to go cold turkey. Instead, limit your consumptions and avoid using alcohol as a way to deal with or avoid difficult emotions. Try to limit your alcohol consumption when you are out at social functions to one or two drinks. Don’t Isolate Yourself Social isolation can be a major risk factor for depression. The problem is that sadness often makes you want to hide by yourself at home. And if you are on your own apart from family for the holidays, reaching out and finding social connections can be all the more difficult. Look for ways that you can enjoy social connections, even if you aren’t able to go home for the holidays. Co-workers and friends can offer support, or consider hosting a holiday get-together in your home for friends or neighbors. Most importantly, reach out. If you’re feeling lonely, ask a friend to come over for a heart to heart. Call someone you’re missing, join a local club, volunteer for something you believe in, or even see a counselor for support. Try to Exercise Regularly While it can be difficult to stick to a workout schedule when you are feeling down, research has shown that regular physical activity can play an important role in preventing and reducing symptoms of depression.   In a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers found that just one hour of physical activity each week was enough to prevent future cases of depression.   The study followed nearly 34,000 adults over the course of 11 years. The participants were selected because they were considered healthy and showed no signs of mental or physical health conditions at the outset of the study. The results revealed that engaging in at least an hour of leisure-time exercise of any intensity helped protect against symptoms of depression.   So while hitting the gym can be tough when you are stressed, busy, and feeling sad, try to remember that you don’t need to be a slave to the treadmill or weight machine to feel the benefits. Even a casual, recreational activity like going for a short walk each day might be enough to help keep the blues at bay. Set Limits The holidays often mean that there are more people asking for help and making demands on your time and resources. Holiday party invites can turn into stressful social obligations. Small favors for friends can morph into huge projects that you didnt anticipate. You can avoid overcommitting by knowing your limits and learning how to say no. That doesn’t mean that you should say “no” to everything, but make sure that you leave enough time for yourself to relax and enjoy the season. Even when you can’t turn something or someone down, like when your boss asks you to work extra hours so someone else can have a day off, find ways to practice self-care during the busy season. Just 15 to 20 minutes a day to enjoy some quiet time, read a book, listen to music, take a bath, do yoga, or some other relaxing activity can do wonders for your stress levels. Have Realistic Expectations It’s fine to be excited about the holidays and make plans for the things you want to do. But it is important to keep your expectations sensible. The holidays don’t have to be perfect to be special. They don’t have to be exactly like the holidays of the past to be just as meaningful and memorable. Holidays change just as people change. Kids grow older, people move, and new people will become a part of your life. The key is to focus on those connections, create new traditions, and remember past holidays with fondness while still enjoying the one right in front of you. Focus on enjoying the experience and the time you get to spend with your loved ones rather than on achieving a picture-perfect end result. How to Get Help If the holiday blues turn into something more serious or if your sadness doesn’t ease after the holidays are over, your symptoms might be a sign of something else. You might have a condition such as SAD or major depressive disorder, or you might need to explore other treatment options including psychotherapy and medications. If your symptoms aren’t getting better or you are struggling to function as you normally do, it’s time to talk to your doctor or mental health professional. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. A Word From Verywell The holiday blues can turn November and December into a time of dread and despair, but there are things that you can do to turn things around. Start by paying attention to the things that are contributing to stress, anxiety, and depression. By understanding the things that lead to your seasonal sadness, you can start taking steps to control these triggers before they hijack your happiness. Signs, Consequences and Solutions to Holiday Perfectionism

Guideline to Achieve an Ideal Computing Job Essay - 1925 Words

Guideline to Achieve an Ideal Computing Job in Two Year Time (Essay Sample) Content: Guideline to Achieve an Ideal Computing Job in Two Year TimeBy students nameCourse code+ nameProfessors nameUniversity nameCity, stateDate of submission SYSTEM ADMINISTRATIONIntroductionComputers are necessities in the current society. The traditional ways of doing things are not effective, and computers have replaced the old and unreliable machines. The rise of computers has not just made work easy, but it has led to the rise of computer related careers. Just like any other machines computers needs to be operated by people who have specialized skills in certain sectors. Various career opportunities that have cropped up as a result of use of computers include the following, software engineering, systems analyst, network administrator, data base administrator, web developer and so forth. The careers in the computer technologies field demand that these people keep abreast with the latest technology. These are well-paid jobs, with software engineering topping the list. H ong Kong is a thriving economy that enjoys high living standards. It is the biggest banking and telecommunication hub in China and the Asia region. With that in mind, it is evident that Hong Kong has one of the most developed technological systems.System administration involves integrating diverse products to come up with a business solution. It involves linking together all aspects related to administration to achieve certain objectives. The aspects include hardware, softwares, corporate policies, networks, users and the business environment. Networking is part of system administration. It refers to the process or act of forming business connections and contacts through informal social meetings. As for computing, networking refers to the interconnection of two or more networks in two or more places. It is the practice of linking computing devices with hardware and software. This linkage supports data communication among these devices. System administrator is a person responsible f or maintaining the computer systems of a company performing such activities as installing, maintaining and upgrading servers. He also backs up the servers and secures the server data from unauthorized access. The systems administrator is in charge of networking.In addition, administrator performs the following activities: provide, maintain and secure system, define account creation and removal procedures. The administrator also provides support to end users directly and via the help desk, changes management, initiates an investigation of any suspected security breach, provides backup and recovery for critical data, possesses and maintains current knowledge and skills for administering platforms. The standards for systems administration provide the following standards solutions operations: incident management, exception handling, data integrity, change request management, upgrade, cause analysis, eSOA readiness, remote affordability, change control management, solution docum entation and finally business process and interface monitoring. The system administrator is a viable person in an organization s/he is responsible for creation of new accounts and new user work stations for shared computers; carrying out procedures that prevent the spreading of viruses; and allocating space for mass storage. The system administrator will also train other members of the staff who lack some computer skills. A good systems administrator will keep things running smoothly in an organization. The system administrator will learn other things, which are not, part of his/her docket such as database. The person in the position of an administrator should have a degree in computer science or management information systems and other supportive courses such as database administration, network administration and others.StandardsThe first standard that should be always observed by the system administrator is to constantly make backups. The system administrator ensures that no inc idences that may interupt the normal working of the computer system take place. However, accidents do happen. There is critical information within an organization that should not be lost. The wise thing is to carry back up always so that, in case of a system failure, the organization will not be at a waste because of the system problems. S/he should ensure the backups are working. Incident management standard describes the process of incident resolutions. Also among the tasks that system administrator is responsible for is to guide customers as well as technology partners; explain how to define a model and manage errors situations during daily business operations. Data integrity avoids data inconsistencies in the end to end solution landscape while change request management enables effective and timely implementation of changes with minimal risks.Another responsibility for the system administrators is to support the users and developers. System administrators should assist people in an organization in handling systems problems. Most people in an organization have the basic computer skills. They rely on the administrator when it comes to system complexities. It is a principle of the system administrator to offer support. This is in the case of a breach of security.The system administrator should follow the acceptable use policy and the code of conduct for the IT operators. The code of conduct asserts that privacy should be maintained, and only authorized personnel can be granted access.Another standard that should be followed by the system administrator is that in case of a breach of security, s/he should initiate an IT incident response. The response should be able to identify where the breach came from and how the breach took place. S/he should inform the management of the security breach and come up with ways of preventing future breaches.Since Hong Kong is part of China, it uses the standards of information technology set by the Chinese government. China is not lenient when it comes to rules regarding information technology, particularly, the internet. However, when it comes to systems administration, individual companies will choose the system they want to adopt.Publications/ ConferencesThere are various publications that shade light on system administration. There are many books and articles that handle matters affecting system administration. Some books are more specific in that they give details about system administration only in Hong Kong. There had been quite a number of conferences such as the International conference on Dependable systems and networks (DSN) which took place in Hong Kong in 2011. This is one of the best conferences in IT field, particularly, in systems administration. The matters deliberated on during the conference were the new challenges facing the systems administration and how to deal with them. The conferences featured discussions, experience reports, student forums and fast abstracts. Another conference held in Hong Kong was in 2011. It was the 7th Workshop on Hot Topics in System Dependability (hot dep). The conference aimed at boosting the reliability of the systems. There are many other publications dealing with systems administration. Also it is easy to find information on system administration in books and journals. There are online journals talking about the systems administration too. The universities and colleges that offer system administration have researched further about this topic and wrote various articles. Major Companies in Hong KongHong Kong is a leading Chinese city. It is one of the most populated cities of the world, with a population of over 7 million people. It is one of the leading commercial centers; therefore, it hosts a number of significant national and international organizations. Renowned international firms found in Hong Kong include the following: Apple South Asia Pte Ltd, Gartner, Hewlett Packard, Loral, Net Dimensions, Cathay pacific, Bekaert and so forth. The local chief companies include the following; HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardine_Matheson_Holdings" \o "Jardine Matheson Holdings"
Jardine Matheson Holdings, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenovo" \o "Lenovo"
Lenovo Group Limited, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_%26_Fung" \o "Li Fung"
Li Fung, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim%27s_Catering" \o "Maxim's Catering"
Maxim's Catering, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_and_Concepts" \o "Team and Concepts"
Team and Concepts Limited, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOM_Group" \o "TOM Group"
TOM Group, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitasoy" \o "Vitasoy"
Vitasoy, HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTech" \o "VTech"
VTech, Hong Kong electric company, HKR international and so forth. Other technology firms in Hong Kong are the Hong Kong technology industry, Gartner, Lenovo Group Limited and IBM which has a branch in Hong Kong. Hon g Kong hosts a variety of Multinational corporations because of its conducive trade environment and developed infrastructure. It is the most free and competitive economy in the world.Technical Project ManagementTechnical project management is the work of the systems administrator at an advanced level. It involves managing bigger technical projects than those of the system administrator. It is a post given to a system administrator after proving s/he is good at what s/he does. Technical project manager should have all the hardware and the soft ware skills required. A technical manager is in charge of the technical aspects of the projects the company will undertake. The main task the technical managers are responsible for is scheduling when the project will reach completion. Big corporations should strive to meet deadlines because failure in this can lead to hefty losses for the company. After the project i...

The Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Empire

CH 7-12 TT Ch.7 terms 1. Medes pg. 160 A group of Indo-European language speaking people who migrated to Persia Significance- Not only did they show the Indo-European migrations, they set the foundation for the later great Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius empire. 3. Satrapies pg. 163 A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller areas, similar to states and governors. Significance- This system allowed a massive empire to be governed very efficiently 4. Qanat†¦show more content†¦Significance- 8. Cyrus The Shepherd who started the Persian Empire. Significance- Created the mighty Persian empire. 9. Free classes priests, artisans, craftsmen, merchants, and low-ranking civil servants in Persia were free servants Significance- They still worked but they were not forced to work and could live on their own. 10. Persia Governed with educated Bureaucrats who directly changed and had an influence on the Empire Significance- Created major turmoil in Eurasia and Influenced the world, in its time. Ch.7 Timelines 1. Reign of Darius (521-486 B.C.E) pg. 162 During the reign of the greatest Achaemenid ruler he expanded his empire to the East as far as the Indus river and to the west, the black sea. Creating the largest empire the world had ever seen, he also created a vast and complex system to govern all of his land and its diversity with a coin system,taxes, and laws. 2. Persian wars (500 – 479 B.C.E) pg 165 The rebellion of the Greeks whom of which were controlled by the Persians, and they attempted suppression of the rebellions. 3. Battle of Gaugemela (331 B.C.E) Pg 166 This marks the end of the great Achaemenid empire created by Cyrus and Brought down by Alexander of Macedon. 4. Achaemenid Empire (558-330 B.C.E) pg 160 The largest empire in its time, setting one of the first complex governing ,administrative, and taxation based societies in the world. Separated into 23 satrapies 5. Battle of Marathon A

Give a history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and note how it has changed over time Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Outline Introduction From the beginning there has been a battle within the Catholic Church on whether the Church should support the use of capital punishment or not Point 1: Many in the early church had a problem with the use of the death penalty, even though it was church doctrine that it could be used. Point 2: Aquinass writings to this day are considered to be sound doctrine by many in the Catholic Church. Point 3: As the Catholic Church enters the twenty-first century, the debate over the death penalty is still active among many of its members Conclusion As it has happened throughout the history of the Catholic Church, the debate over the death penalty is still active. It is obvious that many within the Catholic church are against the death penalty. But the church as of today has not taken any official stance. History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty Introduction From the beginning there has been a battle within the Catholic Church on whether the Church should support the use of capital punishment or not. In the Catechism of the Catholic Church, it seems clear that the churchs response should be to support the use of capital punishment, as long as it is done justly and all efforts are made to guarantee that an innocent man or woman is not put to death. We will write a custom essay sample on Give a history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and note how it has changed over time or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Recently, popes and some of the bishops in the United States, have started to campaign against the use of the death penalty. It seems clear that these individuals are not denying the compatibility of capital punishment with Catholic teaching, but instead have just begun to argue against its use for a variety of personal reasons. This paper looks at the history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and notes how it has changed over time. Early History The first real testimony against the use of the death penalty can be found in the Montanist works of Tertullian. Tertullian writing sometime between 197 and 207 composed ‘De Idololatria’. In this, Tertullian states in chapter seventeen that even if the servant of God appeals to the power of the state, he should not pronounce capital sentences. Following up on Tertullian, Lactantius writing about 305 to 323, wrote Divinae Institutiones. In this Lactantius states that when God prohibited murder, this also refers to the men who administer the death penalty (Bockle & Pohier 46). Lantantiuss position was clear: a man could not even charge or be charged with a capital offense. After Tertullian and Lantantius others began to write on the subject.

The Life and Work of Anthony Burgess - 1871 Words

The Life and Work of Anthony Burgess Autobiography: Story of ones life, written by oneself.(Halsey 64). Everyone knows what an autobiography is, but not so many people realize that although not all authors write a book that can be called a factual autobiography, many authors frequently allow personal, real life experiences to influence their fictional writings. An excellent example of such an author is Anthony Burgess. Anthony Burgess is recognized today as an English novelist, critic, essayist, and composer (editor CLC 80). Burgess is such a literary genius, it was once said of him that ... his agent, publisher, and his entry in Whos Who could not provide the exact number of books he wrote. (Baldwin A8). Some of Burgesss†¦show more content†¦And so, in this manor, Burgess used the setting in which he lived to create the characters of many of his fiction novels. One of the themes in A Clockwork Orange even seems to have a strong connection to Burgesss early life. The conservative and pessimistic view of human nature portrayed in A Clockwork Orange can be attributed to his mothers death (Bergonzi 85). In 1919, Burgesss father came home on furlough to find that the Spanish Influenza had killed both Burgesss mother and older sister. Although Burgess was only two, This event and its consequences may have played some part in fashioning Burgess into what he considers a creature of gloom is reasonable speculation (Stinson 1). This pessimism is evident in the final chapter of A Clockwork Orange, where the narrator exercises his right to moral choice by choosing a life of crime even after extensive attempts at reforming him. A much more direct parallel can be drawn to the beating of Mrs. F. Alexander in A Clockwork Orange. In April, 1944, Burgesss pregnant wife Lynne was beaten and robbed in London, and miscarried. The doctor ordered her never to have children, and this caused Lynne to sink into a pit of alcoholism. She died of cirrhosis of theShow MoreRelatedAnthony Burgess and A Clockwork Orange987 Words   |  4 Pagesnothing you can do about it. Anthony Burgess created this world through his novel, A Clockwork Orange. Anthony Burgess was born in 1917 and died in 1963. A lot of social changes occurred during this period of time, such as: the roaring twenties, prohibition, the Great Depression, World War II, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and many more. Burgess not only lived through those changes, but also helped influences some social changes in literature and music. Anthony Burgess was a jack-of-all-trades throughoutRead MoreJohn Anthony Burgess s A Clockwork Orange1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe beginning of his writing career, John Anthony Burgess Wilson, better known under his pen name by just Anthony Burgess, would become a prominent author towards the end of his life. Burgess has allowed many to scrutinize his novels, ranging from his three colonial novels at the beginning of his writing career, Time for a Tiger, The Enemy in the Blanket, and Beds in the East to his most well known novel, A Clockwork Orange (The International Anthony Burgess Foundation). Burgess’s dystopian classicRead MoreThe Theme Of Immorality In A Clockwork Orange1299 Words   |  6 PagesImagine every night being the blackest of nights, where even the police do not stop the criminals lurking in the corners. This is the world in Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange, where a dystopian society in which juvenile delinquents roam free to terrorize the night is chronicled. Your Humble Narrator, Alex DeLarge, is a member of this appalling culture of teenagers. Over the course of the novel, he performs unspeakable acts of ultraviolence with his droogs, which land him behind bars in StajaRead MoreAnalysis Of Anthony Burgess s A Clockwork Orange819 Words   |  4 PagesLexy Kraft English IV Ms. Gawith 20 September 2017 â€Å"He will be your true Christian† Humanity can be difficult to define. This is because it s hard to pinpoint a specific non-physical trait that differentiates humans from machines. Anthony Burgess, author of A Clockwork Orange, believes this trait is a person’s freedom to make conscious decisions. By taking away a person’s ability to choose between doing the right thing or the wrong thing, you also take away what makes them human. A Clockwork OrangeRead More A Clockwork Orange Essay: Existentialist Analysis1535 Words   |  7 PagesExistentialist Analysis of Burgess A Clockwork Orange  Ã‚     Ã‚   Freedom and liberalism are catchwords that appear frequently in both philosophical and political rhetoric. A free man is able to choose his actions and his value system, to express his views and to develop his most authentic character. What this kind of idealistic liberalism seems to forget, however, is that liberty does not mean a better society, better life or humanistic values such as equality and justice. In his novel A ClockworkRead MoreA Clockwork Orange1450 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange is a dystopian novel set in an oppressive, futuristic state. Published in 1962, A Clockwork Orange is an extremely intense, graphic, and, at times, horrifying novel. A reader begins to question their own values as they become numb and desensitized to the violence at hand. Both behaviorism and free will is occurring throughout A Clockwork Orange. A Clockwork Orange brings up a question, how much control of our own free will do we actually have? Do we rea llyRead More alexclo Metamorphosis of Alex in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Alex in A Clockwork Orange      Ã‚   As both the protagonist and narrator of Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, the character of Alex is an intriguing study from start to finish. Specifically, in comparing part one and part three of the novel, Alexs world, internally and externally, his characterization and travails are shown to be mirror images of each other, both identical and reversed. Where Alex was the soulless victimizer in part one, he finds himself repeatedly a victimRead More freeclo Violence and Free Will in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange2208 Words   |  9 Pagesthe very last chapter of the third part this question sets up the thematic frame of the book. It asks the protagonist what he is going to chose, good or evil. Likewise it addresses to the reader to consider his own choice, too (14).    Anthony Burgess is intensely committed to this problem in A Clockwork Orange. In his own words the book was intended to be a sort of tract, even a sermon on the importance of the power of choice. (15)    So he wrote the story of Alex, an anti-heroRead MoreSummary Of The Book A Clockwork Orange, Burgess By Anthony Burgess Essay1819 Words   |  8 Pagescreating society with perfect human morals but establishing those ideas to real life people can see that there is no such thing as perfect. Anthony Burgess incorporates this idea into many of his works which accentuate many dark points in his life; he lost both, his mother and sister at a young age, and his first sexual experience was when he was seduced by an older woman (41 Facts on Anthony Burgess). The fact the Anthony had many occupations such like a linguist, critic, poetic, etc. show the vastRead More A Clockwork Orange Essay: A Movie Analysis1704 Words   |  7 Pages    In 1962, Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange was published for the first time. This novel was an anti-utopian fable about the near future, where teenage gangs habitually terrorize the inhabitants of a shabby metropolis. The novel deals with the main focus that man is a sinner but not sufficiently a sinner to deserve the calamities that are heaped upon him. It is a comic novel about a mans tragic lot. (Bergonzi 152).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1971, Stanley Kubrick turned Burgess novel into a 136

The Ultimate Entrepreneur Essay example - 975 Words

The Ultimate Entrepreneur In 2002 it was reported that George W. Bush told the then prime minister Tony Blair that The problem with the French is that they dont have a word for entrepreneur. Putting it kindly, this was a mistake. Translated from French, an entrepreneur is someone who undertakes something. Of course it carries a much wider meaning than that in the modern English definition. An entrepreneur is someone who takes an idea and builds it into something great and successful. Someone with vision, drive and creativity, and the will to make it happen, often against difficult odds. Or certainly thats the general perception. Does this person have to be a genius? Above average intelligence? What defines an entrepreneur really?†¦show more content†¦As an entrepreneur youre in the uncertainty business, so you need a high tolerance for risk. You need to be willing to fail several times if necessary in order to get it right in the end, and you need to be flexible in your thinking. Your idea may need t o change as your journey unfolds, and you need to be open enough to accept and work with that change. Uncertainty is a scary place, so you will need to deal with the fear associated with that. Fear of not knowing where next months pay cheque is coming from, fear of failure. You must become accustomed to insecurity as a life choice. And youll need the ability to think creatively so you can change perspective to solve all those inevitable problems that come up. So far then we have vision, passion, persistence, high risk tolerance, flexible and creative thinking. Throw in resilience for good measure. Not many people have these qualities up front, or maybe more importantly, are willing to adopt them. It is argued that our education system does nothing to promote entrepreneurship either. With its emphasis on conformity and thinking inside the box, it arguably stifles creativity. 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The Vampire Diaries The Struggle Chapter Nine Free Essays

string(51) " she was ever going to tell him, it should be now\." â€Å"I know I’m going to be sorry I asked this,† Matt said, turning red-rimmed eyes from their contemplation of I-95 to Stefan in the passenger seat beside him. â€Å"But can you tell mewhy we want these extra-special, not-available-locally, semi-tropical weeds for Elena?† Stefan looked into the back seat at the results of their search through hedgerows and rough grass. The plants, with their branching green stems and their small-toothed leaves, did look more like weeds than anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dried remains of blossoms at the ends of the shoots were almost invisible, and no one could pretend the shoots themselves were decorative. â€Å"What if I said they could be used to make an all-natural eyewash?† he offered, after a moment’s thought. â€Å"Or an herbal tea?† â€Å"Why? Were you thinking of saying something like that?† â€Å"Good. Because if you did I’d probably deck you.† Without actually looking at Matt, Stefan smiled. There was something new stirring inside him, something he hadn’t felt for nearly five centuries, except with Elena. Acceptance. Warmth and friendship shared with a fellow being, who did not know the truth about him, but who trusted him anyway. Who was willing to take him on faith. He wasn’t sure he deserved it, but he couldn’t deny what it meant to him. It almost made him feel†¦ human again. Elena stared at her image in the mirror. It hadn’t been a dream. Not entirely. The wounds in her neck proved that. And now that she’d seen them, she noticed the feeling of light-headedness, of lethargy. It was her own fault. She’d taken so much trouble to warn Bonnie and Meredith not to invite any strangers into their houses. And all the time she’d forgotten that she herself had invited Damon into Bonnie’s house. She’d done it that night she had set up the dumb supper in Bonnie’s dining room and called out into the darkness, â€Å"Come in.† And the invitation was good forever. He could return any time he liked, even now. Especially now, while she was weak and might easily be hypnotized into unlocking a window again. Elena stumbled out of the bathroom, past Bonnie, and into the guest bedroom. She grabbed her tote bag and began stuffing things into it. â€Å"Elena, you can’t go home!† â€Å"I can’t stay here,† Elena said. She looked around for her shoes, spotted them by the bed, and started forward. Then she stopped, with a strangled sound. Lying on the dainty crumpled linen of the bed there was a single black feather. It was huge, horribly huge and real and solid, with a thick, waxy-looking shaft. It looked almost obscene resting there on the white percale sheets. Nausea swept over Elena, and she turned away. She couldn’t breathe. â€Å"Okay, okay,† Bonnie said. â€Å"If you feel that way about it, I’ll get Dad to take you home.† â€Å"You have to come, too.† It had just dawned on Elena that Bonnie was no safer in this house than she was. Youand your loved ones , she remembered, and turned to grasp Bonnie’s arm. â€Å"Youhave to, Bonnie. I need you with me.† And at last she got her way. The McCulloughs thought she was hysterical, that she was overreacting, possibly that she was having a nervous breakdown. But finally they gave in. Mr. McCullough drove her and Bonnie to the Gilbert house, where, feeling like burglars, they unlocked the door and crept inside without waking anyone up. Even here, Elena couldn’t sleep. She lay beside Bonnie’s softly breathing form, staring toward her bedroom window, watching. Outside, the quince branches squeaked against the glass, but nothing else moved until dawn. â€Å"Stefan!† She had never been so glad to see anyone in her life. She flung herself upon him before he could even shut the car door. He swayed backward with the force of her impact, and she could feel his surprise. She wasn’t usually so demonstrative in public. â€Å"Hey,† he said, returning the hug gently. â€Å"Me, too, but don’t crush the flowers.† â€Å"Flowers?† She pulled back to look at what he was carrying; then, she looked at his face. Then at Matt, who was emerging from the other side of the car. Stefan’s face was pale and drawn; Matt’s was puffy with tiredness, with bloodshot eyes. â€Å"You’d better come inside,† she said at last, bewildered. â€Å"You both look awful.† â€Å"It’s vervain,† said Stefan, some time later. He and Elena were sitting at the kitchen table. Through the open doorway, Matt could be seen stretched out on the family room sofa, snoring gently. He’d flopped there after eating three bowls of cereal. Aunt Judith, Bonnie, and Margaret were still upstairs asleep, but Stefan kept his voice low just the same. â€Å"You remember what I told you about it?† he said. â€Å"You said it helps keep your mind clear even when someone is using Power to influence it.† Elena was proud of how steady her voice was. â€Å"Right. And that’s one of the things Damon might try. He can use the power of his mind even from a distance, and he can do it whether you’re awake or asleep.† Tears filled Elena’s eyes, and she looked down to hide them, gazing at the long slender stems with the dried remains of tiny lilac flowers at the very tips. â€Å"Asleep?† she said, afraid that this time her voice was not as steady. â€Å"Yes. He could influence you to come out of the house, say, or to let him in. But the vervain should prevent that.† Stefan sounded tired, but satisfied with himself. Oh, Stefan, if you only knew, Elena thought. The gift had come one night too late. In spite of all her efforts, a tear fell, dripping onto the long green leaves. â€Å"Elena!† He sounded startled. â€Å"What is it? Tell me.† He was trying to look into her face, but she bowed her head, pressing it into his shoulder. He put his arms around her, not trying to force her up again. â€Å"Tell me,† he repeated softly. This was the moment. If she was ever going to tell him, it should be now. You read "The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Nine" in category "Essay examples" Her throat felt burned and swollen, and she wanted to let all the words inside pour out. But she couldn’t. No matter what, I won’t let them fight over me, she thought. â€Å"It’s just that – I was worried about you,† she managed. â€Å"I didn’t know where you’d gone, or when you were coming back.† â€Å"That’s all.† Now she would have to swear Bonnie to secrecy about the crow. Why did one lie always lead to another? â€Å"What should we do with the vervain?† she asked, sitting back. â€Å"I’ll show you tonight. Once I’ve extracted the oil from the seeds, you can rub it into your skin or add it to a bath. And you can make the dried leaves into a sachet and carry it with you or put it under your pillow at night.† â€Å"I’d better give them to Bonnie and Meredith, too. They’ll need protection.† He nodded. â€Å"For now – † He broke off a sprig and placed it in her hand. † – just take this to school with you. I’m going back to the boarding house to extract the oil.† He paused a moment and then spoke. â€Å"Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"If I thought it would do you any good, I’d leave. I wouldn’t expose you to Damon. But I don’t think he’d follow me if I went, not any more. I think he might stay – because of you.† â€Å"Don’t eventhink about leaving,† she said fiercely, looking up at him. â€Å"Stefan, that’s the one thing I couldn’t stand. Promise you won’t; promise me.† â€Å"I won’t leave you alone with him,† Stefan said, which was not quite the same thing. But there was no point in pushing him further. Instead, she helped him wake up Matt, and saw them both off. Then, with a stem of dried vervain in her hand, she went upstairs to get ready for school. Bonnie yawned all the way through breakfast, and she didn’t really wake up until they were outside, walking to school with a brisk breeze in their faces. It was going to be a cold day. â€Å"I had a very weird dream last night,† Bonnie said. Elena’s heart jumped. She’d already tucked a sprig of vervain into Bonnie’s backpack, down at the bottom, where Bonnie wouldn’t see it. But if Damon had gotten to Bonnie last night†¦ â€Å"What about?† she said, bracing herself. â€Å"About you. I saw you standing under a tree and the wind was blowing. For some reason, I was afraid of you, and I didn’t want to go any closer. You looked†¦ different. Very pale but almost glowing. And then a crow flew down from the tree, and you reached out and grabbed it in midair. You were so fast it was unbelievable. And then you looked over at me, with this expression. You were smiling, but it made me want to run. And then you twisted the crow’s neck, and it was dead.† Elena had listened to this with growing horror. Now she said, â€Å"That’s adisgusting dream.† â€Å"It is, isn’t it?† said Bonnie composedly. â€Å"I wonder what it means? Crows are birds of ill omen in the legends. They can foretell a death.† â€Å"Yes,† Bonnie said. â€Å"Except for one thing. I had this dreambefore you woke us all up screaming.† That day at lunchtime there was another piece of violet paper on the office bulletin board. This one, though, read simply:LOOK IN PERSONALS. â€Å"What personals?† said Bonnie. Meredith, walking up at that moment with a copy of theWildcat Weekly , the school newspaper, provided the answer. â€Å"Have you seen this?† she said. It was in the personals section, completely anonymous, with neither salutation nor signature. Ican’t bear the thought of losing him. But he’s so very unhappy about something, and if he won’t tell me what it is, if he won’t trust me that much, I don’t see any hope for us. Reading it, Elena felt a burst of new energy through her tiredness. Oh, God, she hated whoever was doing this. She imagined shooting them, stabbing them, watching them fall. And then, vividly, she imagined something else. Yanking back a fistful of the thief’s hair and sinking her teeth into an unprotected throat. It was a strange, unsettling vision, but for a moment it almost seemed real. She became aware that Bonnie and Meredith were looking at her. â€Å"Well?† she said, feeling slightly uncomfortable. â€Å"I could tell you weren’t listening,† sighed Bonnie. â€Å"I just said it still doesn’t look like Da – like the killer’s work to me. It doesn’t seem like a murderer would be so petty.† â€Å"Much as I hate to agree with her, she’s right,† Meredith said. â€Å"This smells like someone sneaky. Someone who has a grudge against you personally and who really wants to make you suffer.† Saliva had collected in Elena’s mouth, and she swallowed. â€Å"Also somebody who’s familiar with the school. They had to fill out a form for a personals message in one of the journalism classes,† she said. â€Å"And somebody who knew you kept a diary, assuming they stole it on purpose. Maybe they were in one of your classes that day you took it to school. Remember? When Mr. Tanner almost caught you,† Bonnie added. â€Å"Ms. Halperndid catch me; she even read some of it aloud, a bit about Stefan. That was right after Stefan and I got together. Wait a minute, Bonnie. That night at your house when the diary was stolen, how long were you two out of the living room?† â€Å"Just a few minutes. Yangtze had stopped barking, and I went to the door to let him in, and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie pressed her lips together and shrugged. â€Å"So the thief had to be familiar with your house,† said Meredith swiftly, â€Å"or he or she wouldn’t have been able to get in, get the diary, and get out again before we saw them. All right, then, we’re looking for someone sneaky and cruel, probably in one of your classes, Elena, and most likely familiar with Bonnie’s house. Someone who has a personal grudge and will stoop to anything to get you†¦ Oh, my God.† The three of them stared at one another. â€Å"We’re so stupid; we should have seen it right away,† said Meredith. For Elena, it meant the sudden realization that all the anger she’d felt about this before was nothing to the anger she was capable of feeling. A candle flame to the sun. â€Å"Caroline,† she said, and clenched her teeth so hard her jaw hurt. Caroline. Elena actually felt she could kill the green-eyed girl right now. And she might have rushed out to try if Bonnie and Meredith hadn’t stopped her. â€Å"After school,† said Meredith firmly, â€Å"when we can take her somewhere private. Just wait that long, Elena.† But as they headed for the cafeteria, Elena noticed an auburn head disappearing down the art and music corridor. And she remembered something Stefan had said earlier this year, about Caroline taking him into the photography room at lunchtime. For privacy, Caroline had told him. â€Å"You two go on; I forgot something,† she said as soon as Bonnie and Meredith both had food on their cafeteria trays. Then she pretended to be deaf as she walked rapidly out and backtracked to the art wing. All the rooms were dark, but the photography room’s door was unlocked. Something made Elena turn the knob cautiously, and move quietly once she was inside, rather than marching in to start a confrontation as she’d planned. Was Caroline in here? If so, what was she doing alone in the dark? The room appeared at first to be deserted. Then Elena heard the murmur of voices from a small alcove at the back, and she saw that the darkroom door was ajar. Silently, stealthily, she made her way until she stood just outside the doorway, and the murmur of sound resolved itself into words. â€Å"But how can we be sure she’ll be the one they pick?† That was Caroline. â€Å"My father’s on the school board. They’ll pick her, all right.† Andthat was Tyler Smallwood. His father was a lawyer, and on every board there was. â€Å"Besides, who else would it be?† he continued. † ‘The Spirit of Fell’s Church’ is supposed to be brainy as well as built.† â€Å"AndI don’t have brains, I suppose?† â€Å"Did I say that? Look, if you want to be the one to parade in a white dress on Founders’ Day, fine. But if you want to see Stefan Salvatore run out of town on the evidence of his own girlfriend’s diary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But why wait so long?† Tyler sounded impatient. â€Å"Because this way it’ll ruin the celebration, too. TheFells’ celebration. Why shouldthey get the credit for founding this town? The Smallwoods were here first.† â€Å"Oh, who cares about who founded the town? All I want is to see Elena humiliated in front of the entire â€Å"And Salvatore.† The pure hatred and malice in Tyler’s voice made Elena’s flesh crawl. â€Å"He’ll be lucky if he doesn’t end up hanging from a tree. You’re sure the evidence is there?† â€Å"How many times do I have to tell you? First, it says she lost the ribbon on September second in the cemetery. Then, it says Stefan picked it up that day and kept it. Wickery Bridge is right beside the cemetery. That means Stefan was near the bridge on September second, the night the old man was attacked there. Everybody already knows he was on hand for the attacks on Vickie and Tanner. What more do you want?† â€Å"It would never stand up in court. Maybe I should get some corroborating evidence. Like ask old Mrs. Flowers what time he got home that night.† â€Å"Oh, whocares ? Most people think he’s guilty already. The diary talks about some big secret he’s hiding from everyone. People will get the idea.† â€Å"You’re keeping it in a safe place?† â€Å"No, Tyler, I’m keeping it out on the coffee table. How stupid do you think I am?† â€Å"Stupid enough to send Elena notes tipping her off.† There was a crackle, as of newspaper. â€Å"Look at this, this is unbelievable. And it’s got to stop,now. What if she figures out who’s doing it?† â€Å"What’s she going to do about it, call the police?† â€Å"I still want you to lay off. Just wait until Founders’ Day; then you’ll get to watch the Ice Princess melt.† â€Å"And to say ciao to Stefan. Tyler†¦ nobody’s really going to hurt him, are they?† â€Å"Whocares?† Tyler mocked her earlier tone. â€Å"You leave that to me and my friends, Caroline. You just do your part, okay?† Caroline’s voice dropped to a throaty murmur. â€Å"Convince me.† After a pause Tyler chuckled. There was movement, rustling sounds, a sigh. Elena turned and slipped out of the room as quietly as she had come in. She got into the next hallway, and then she leaned against the lockers there, trying to think. It was almost too much to absorb at once. Caroline, who had once been her best friend, had betrayed her and wanted to see her humiliated in front of the whole school. Tyler, who’d always seemed more an annoying jerk than a real threat, was planning to get Stefan driven out of town – or killed. And the worst thing was that they were using Elena’s own diary to do it. Now she understood the beginning of her dream last night. She’d had a dream like it the day before she had discovered that Stefan was missing. In both, Stefan had looked at her with angry, accusing eyes, and then he had thrown a book at her feet and walked away. Not a book. Her diary. Which had in it evidence that could be deadly to Stefan. Three times people in Fell’s Church had been attacked, and three times Stefan had been on the scene. What would that look And there was no way to tell the truth. Supposing she said, â€Å"Stefan isn’t guilty. It’s his brother Damon who hates him and who knows how much Stefan hates even the thought of hurting and killing. And who followed Stefan around and attacked people to make Stefan think maybe Stefan had done it, to drive him mad. And who’s here in townsomewhere – look for him in the cemetery or in the woods. But, oh, by the way, don’t just search for a good-looking guy, because he might be a crow at the moment. â€Å"Incidentally, he’s a vampire.† She didn’t even believe it herself. It sounded ludicrous. A twinge from the side of her neck reminded her how serious the ludicrous story really was. She felt odd today, almost as if she were sick. It was more than just tension and lack of sleep. She felt slightly dizzy, and at times the ground seemed to be spongy, giving way under her feet and then springing back. Flu symptoms, except that she was sure they weren’t due to anyvirus in her bloodstream. Damon’s fault, again. Everything was Damon’s fault, except the diary. She had no one to blame for that but herself. If only she hadn’t written about Stefan, if only she hadn’t brought the diary to school. If only she hadn’t left it in Bonnie’s living room. If only, if only. Right now all that mattered was that she had to get it back. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Nine, Essay examples

Adopt a Standard Invoice Numbering Convention free essay sample

A major cause of duplicate payments is multiple copies of the same supplier invoice being entered in the computer system, but with slight variations on the invoice number that keep the computer from flagging them as duplicate invoices. This is an especially common problem when suppliers issue invoices with leading zeros, since one data entry clerk may enter the zeros, while another may ignore them. It is also common for employee expense reports and a variety of utility billings, since these documents have no invoice number. It also happens when an original invoice is not paid on time, so the supplier floods the company with extra copies of the invoice, hoping that one of the copies will eventually be paid. There is no perfect solution to this problem, but the basic approach is to adopt a standard invoice numbering convention for the data entry staff to follow, thereby introducing some consistency into this aspect of invoice data entry. We will write a custom essay sample on Adopt a Standard Invoice Numbering Convention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can include some of the following rules: †¢Drop leading zeros. It is also possible to reverse this rule and always use leading zeros, but the extra characters may overflow the computer field for invoice numbers. †¢Use the packing slip number. If the invoice contains no invoice number and it is related to a physical delivery, then there should be a packing slip that accompanied the delivery. If so, enter the packing slip number as the invoice number. If a duplicate invoice arrives, it must still be matched to the packing slip before payment is approved, so the packing slip number will be fl aged by the computer as a duplicate invoice number. Use an alternate document identifier. If an invoice contains no invoice number but does have other tracking numbers, such as an internal indexing number or a job number, then use this number instead. †¢Use invoice date. A less foolproof alternative is to use the invoice date. This approach can still result in duplicate payments, because suppliers may legitimately issue more than one invoice on the s ame day, resulting in such coding variations as MMDDYY-2 to signify that an invoice is the second one received that has the same invoice date. If this alternative must be used, then at least require that dates always be entered using the same format every time, such as MMDDYY or MMDDYYYY. †¢Avoid all punctuation and spaces. Some invoice numbers include slashes, spaces, or dashes, which should be avoided. It is especially common for some systems to add â€Å"-IN† to the end of an invoice number, in order to signify that this number is related to an invoice. If so, drop both the dash and the â€Å"IN† from the invoice number. Reference link : http://classof1. com/homework-help/accounting-homework-help

Educational Reforms in Kerala free essay sample

Ednl reforms in kerala-1990-2010 Introduction A cardinal feature of culture and society in Kerala and of Keralas political and economic development is the high proportion of literate and educated persons in the population. Literacy in particular, female literacy is an essential (and is often regarded as the essential)facilitator of Keralas achievements in the spheres of health and demographic change. Literacy is a foundational feature of Keralas political culture, crucial in the creation of public opinion and essential to the consciousness of individual and political rights that is so conspicuous a feature of social and political life in Kerala. The median number of completed years of schooling in Kerala is much higher than in the rest of India, and the difference between male and female achievement in this regard is much narrower than in the rest of India. Literacy and education are, of course, of intrinsic importance, that is, they are important in and of themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Reforms in Kerala or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The experience of Kerala is an excellent example of how literacy and education are also of immense instrumental importance in social development. To take the impact of education in one sphere of social development, health and demographic change, it is clear that education, particularly female education, has a fundamental influence on health and health-seeking behaviour (and on socio-cultural consciousness that influences attitudes to health). There are strong correlations between life expectancy and literacy. The lower infant and child mortality are, the higher is the level of maternal schooling. At given levels of income,schooling increases the ability to improve nutrition; it contributes to the ability to initiate earlier and more effective diagnoses of illness and contributes to hygiene and the prevention of illness. Education also influences the reduction of survivorship differentials between males and females in a society. The impact of female education on progressive health and demographic transition in Kerala has been recognized widely. Female literacy and girls’ schooling are critical factors in Kerala’s performance in respect of child health and health conditions in general. Other factors relating to female empowerment and education and relevant to Kerala’s better performance in child and general health than elsewhere in India, that have been discussed in the literature are: higher average age at marriage, higher rates of female employment in the organised sector, higher levels of health information among women and maternal utilization of the health system, and the greater decision-making role of women in Kerala households. The spread of education has also had profound implications – not easily captured in statistics – for political mobilization, for creating and sustaining demands for social and economic entitlements in the spheres, for example, of education, health, food security and liberation from caste oppression. Owing to the prevalent levels of literacy, the dissemination of information by means of the written word goes much deeper in Kerala than elsewhere in India; this has important implications for the quality and depth of public opinion, and of participatory democracy in the state. Although public provisioning in education in Kerala has been more effective than elsewhere, and better distributed between the sexes and between social groups and regions, traditional patterns of inequality have not entirely been eliminated. There are still social groups that are substantially behind the rest of the population in terms of education and other development achievements. These include people of the scheduled castes and tribes, the traditional coastal fishing communities, and the underclass of Tamil migrant workers in the State. The persistence of different forms of deprivation among these three groups is an important cause for social concern and calls for greater attention from state authorities and political movements. CONCLUSION : Kerala is still far from establishing a school system where every child has access to a school of high quality,equipped with classrooms, libraries, laboratories and playgrounds a school that has, in general, all the facilities for study and play that all parents wish for their children. There is no doubt, however, that the present government and people’s movements in the State are concerned with this issue, and are working on school reform that attempts to make such a change. Kerala once led India in universalising school education; today it has taken the lead in attempting to improve the quality of mass school education. The social and economic policies of the Central and State governments and the mass movements in Kerala will determine the success of this effort in the years to come.

Health and Fitness Research Paper Essay Example

Health and Fitness Research Paper Essay During their early adultness – the age from 20 to 40 – most people enjoy the height level of energy, strength, and endurance in comparison with the people of other age-related groups. It is an average expectation for this age. Most cultures take advantages from this age of the highest efficiency, conducting the vocational training using the exhausting systems of the internship, examinations, and research work, sending young people to war, deifying young athletes and models, expecting that women will bear children. The use of free example research paper on health and fitness may give you some advantages in the complex process of writing a successful research paper on the topic. These free samples can be handy when prepared on the high professional level, covering all the important aspects of a given phenomenon. As a rule, the functioning of organs, time of reaction, strength, motor skills, and sensorimotor coordination achieves their culmination at the age from 25 to 30, and they go down gradually after. Nevertheless, the decline of these indexes in the age from 30 to 40 and from 40 to 50 is not so considerable, as most people think it to be. As known, the substantial decline in the functional level of most biological systems appears approximately after 40. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Fitness Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Fitness Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Fitness Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, although slump after the maximal point of the productivity, appearing approximately in age after 25-30, can be considered for some prominent athletes, it only slightly affects the majority of us. Not all systems, nevertheless, arrive at its maximum in the indicated period. For example, visual accommodation gradually, through evenly, goes down already in middle child’s age. The sharpness of vision weakens very slowly from approximately 20 and then substantially goes down after 40. The decline of physical skills and abilities capabilities is most visible in some critical situations and other extreme cases requiring the maximal concentration of our strength. For example, when a woman is about 40, a pregnancy affects her stamina considerably stronger in comparison to that, when she was 20-30. Also, for senior women, the period of return to the normal state after giving birth to a child can be more protracted. In like manner, for a 25-years-old man, it is easy to have a few jobs simultaneously, to get his family out of a financial crisis, then for 40-years-old. Health and habit to engage in physical exercises, formed in the period of early adultness, is often kept during the following years. Many of these behavioral patterns give useful results. Although the settings and behavior, related to the health and fitness, can change, people are often inclined to resist to such changes, considering especially important to set healthy habits in an early adultness. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper about Health and Fitness? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form:

Free Essays on Gender Identity

This article is mainly about gender identity concerning adolescents. Most boys have a stereotype of playing sports such as baseball, football, and basketball. Playing with cars and army men is usually the expected behavior portrayed by boys. The boy in this article, at age four, loved to wear red, sparkly shoes. He also has fun playing with dolls. As Robert, the boy, advanced higher in school education, other students began to taunt him. The parents of Robert were advised to seek a psychologist about gender issues. For Robert’s sake, the parents looked against the advise because they thought Robert looked happy and anything else would make him feel abnormal. Starting around age five most kids have a sense of identification with their own sex. The kids who don’t go through it may be teased by peers and puzzled by parents. When the teasing starts many parents begin to realize there’s a problem. Not only Robert’s peers criticize him, but adults do as well. As kids get older their sense of emotion develops more. For boys who like doing things that people say are girlish, the situation becomes harder for them. This can drive a boy to become angry and violent at the world; Which is very disturbing. For instance, a boy in the article was constantly being teased while having games played on him. Then one day, out of anger he made a fake bomb threat on his home and blamed the kids who picked on him. All this criticism deprives people from being their own person. Changing schools can put parents into a financial problem as well. Switching from public to private schools can be extremely expensive, but some parents are forced to do so. Sometimes, parents ask themselves if they had done something to confuse their child. That’s a main question parents wonder about when their child doesn’t conform to gender stereotypes. A child psychologist says the parents shouldn’t feel guilty for a child’s likes and dislike... Free Essays on Gender Identity Free Essays on Gender Identity This article is mainly about gender identity concerning adolescents. Most boys have a stereotype of playing sports such as baseball, football, and basketball. Playing with cars and army men is usually the expected behavior portrayed by boys. The boy in this article, at age four, loved to wear red, sparkly shoes. He also has fun playing with dolls. As Robert, the boy, advanced higher in school education, other students began to taunt him. The parents of Robert were advised to seek a psychologist about gender issues. For Robert’s sake, the parents looked against the advise because they thought Robert looked happy and anything else would make him feel abnormal. Starting around age five most kids have a sense of identification with their own sex. The kids who don’t go through it may be teased by peers and puzzled by parents. When the teasing starts many parents begin to realize there’s a problem. Not only Robert’s peers criticize him, but adults do as well. As kids get older their sense of emotion develops more. For boys who like doing things that people say are girlish, the situation becomes harder for them. This can drive a boy to become angry and violent at the world; Which is very disturbing. For instance, a boy in the article was constantly being teased while having games played on him. Then one day, out of anger he made a fake bomb threat on his home and blamed the kids who picked on him. All this criticism deprives people from being their own person. Changing schools can put parents into a financial problem as well. Switching from public to private schools can be extremely expensive, but some parents are forced to do so. Sometimes, parents ask themselves if they had done something to confuse their child. That’s a main question parents wonder about when their child doesn’t conform to gender stereotypes. A child psychologist says the parents shouldn’t feel guilty for a child’s likes and dislike...

User Interfaces for Environmental Decision Support Systems Article

User Interfaces for Environmental Decision Support Systems - Article Example Cleaning products were distinguished using eight environmental and health associated scheme features. These features are as follows. I.  Skin Irritation: availability of chemicals in the cleaning of manufactured goods that creates the basis of swelling of skin or redness. Quality values vary from the most significant to the least preferable ones which entail insignificant, minor, reasonable, or physically powerful implications.II.  Food chain exposure (FCE): the ingredients employed in cleaning manufactured goods that have the possibility of being brought in to the food chain through being eaten up with smaller aquatic vegetation and animals that are eaten by larger animals. Bio concentration factor (BCF) is the measurement factor that is computed to acquire food chain (Maciag, Hepting, and Slezak 36). III.  Air Pollution Potential (air): manufactured goods that may have volatile organic compounds (VOC) meaning that compounds that have possibility to shape impressive pollutants like smog. These pollutants are extremely disastrous to human life. IV.  Product Contains Fragrances (frag): the fragrances that are included in the cleaning of manufactured goods to improve, or mask, their ‘natural’ odor. V.  Product Contains Dye (dye): is the dye that has been included to the cleaning of manufactured goods to modify the color of the product. VI.  Product uses Recyclable Packaging (rec): it is the cleaning of manufactured goods that are wrapped up using recyclable packages (Maciag, Hepting, and Slezak 41).... II. Food chain exposure (FCE): the ingredients employed in cleaning manufactured goods that have the possibility of being brought in to the food chain through being eaten up with smaller aquatic vegetation and animals that are eaten by larger animals. Bio concentration factor (BCF) is the measurement factor that is computed to acquire food chain (Maciag, Hepting, and Slezak 36). III. Air Pollution Potential (air): manufactured goods that may have volatile organic compounds (VOC) meaning that compounds that have possibility to shape impressive pollutants like smog. These pollutants are extremely disastrous to human life. IV. Product Contains Fragrances (frag): the fragrances that are included in the cleaning of manufactured goods to improve, or mask, their ‘natural’ odor. V. Product Contains Dye (dye): is the dye that has been included to the cleaning of manufactured goods to modify the color of the product. VI. Product uses Recyclable Packaging (rec): it is the cleaning of manufactured goods that are wrapped up using recyclable packages (Maciag, Hepting, and Slezak 41). VII. Product is a Concentrate (con): it is the cleaning of manufactured goods that are wrapped up using minimized packaging, like packing cleaned manufactured goods in a recyclable plastic bag, which operates like a refiller for use in its original wrap up. VIII. Product Reduces Exposure to Concentrate (exp): the refining of products that minimizes exposure to concentrated wrap up. Students from the University of Regina were employed to conduct various tasks, among them being to accomplish the pre-task and post-task questionnaires. In the post task questionnaires, participants had to rank the features of the system using four point scaling (insignificant, somewhat

Is Criminal Behavior Determined Biologically Essay

Is Criminal Behavior Determined Biologically - Essay Example Some do believe that crime has a genetic disposition but I believe that any person, irrespective of their biological or genetic background, when faced with certain stress factors can commit crime. Since the very beginning of the 20th century, several social researchers have reported that Blacks tend to commit more crimes when compared to their White or Asian counterparts (Piquero and Barme,2008). In fact official statistics also support this claim since and the racial minorities are regarded to be more genetically disposed towards crimes than other groups. In the recent years the field of behavioral genetics has conducted massive studies to understand whether genes and crimes are related or not. Race studies, adoption studies and twin studies have suggested that anti-social behavior is linked to the genes. Experts believe that since things such as gambling, drug abuse, risk-taking behavior and pleasure-seeking show evidence of genetic influence and since all of these behaviors have the potential to initiate crimes; one may suggest that crime and genes maybe closely related (Baker et al, 2006). In fact the field of forensic psychiatry supports the idea that chronic criminals h ave mutations in their genes which are hereditary in nature. According to this these mutations have an effect on the autonomic nervous system which in turn reduces an individual’s ability to learn normal social forces in inhibiting criminal behavior (Mednick and Finello,1983). On the other hand, with regards to the Nature versus nurture theory, I feel that nurturing has profound influence on one’s behavior. The environment and stress factors that an individual is exposed to, has a great deal of influence on his behavioral outcomes. Some of these stress factors are poverty and drug abuse. The constant association of Black minorities to commit crimes is overrated. In fact,

Is Mary the Theotokos?

Is Mary the Theotokos? Is Mary the Theotokos?  Does it matter? Without the Blessed Virgin Mary Christianity, would be meaningless. That Mary is Mother of God is rooted deeply in sacred scripture, and this Church doctrine has been confidently taught since the Council of Ephesus (A.D. 431), during which occurred a decisive intervention of the Churchs teaching authority on behalf of Marys divine motherhood and against the claims of Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople who stated that Mary did not give birth to God, but to an ordinary baby, called Christ, who was in some way connected to God. Consequently, Mary did not deserve to be called by the title of Theotokos, or God-bearer, but rather the meeker title of Christotokos, or bearer of Christ. To get an idea of what was happening at the time we need to take a brief look at why this controversy began and at what was being said. So, to begin, it was the primary concern of the Council of Nicaea to make it plain beyond all possibility of misunderstanding that Jesus of Nazareth, while personally distinct from the Father, is God in the fullest sense of the word. As the Creed states, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, consubstantial with the Father; it was the Churchs determination to maintain this doctrine of derived equality without deviating into either modalism or tritheism, that led her on the long intellectual pilgrimage whose goal was full understanding of that mutual interpenetration of the three divine Persons, through their union with the one divine Essence, which is denoted by the word perichoresis. Only when the divinity of the Son had been firmly established could the Church give her full attention to the fact that the Son, being God, had become man. But can there be in Christ an unconfused union of Godhead and manhood? This was the question which was to exercise the minds of theologians and throw the life of the Church into turmoil from Constantinople to Chalcedon. What the orthodox Fathers were striving to do, and what was ultimately achieved at Chalcedon, was to preserve the doctrine of unconfused Godhead and manhood of Christ against tendencies which strove, on the one hand, to unite the two terms at the cost of confusing them with each other and, on the other hand, to keep them distinct at the cost of separating them. This today may not seem to offer any special difficulty; that this is so is a sign of the triumph of Chalcedon in theological thought, but, in the fifth century it was a notion that could only be achieved at the cost of bitter controversy and schism. So, when the theologically unimaginative but critically active Nestorius became Patriarch of Constantinople everything was ready for an explosion, which came when Nestorius openly supported his chaplain Anastasius in denouncing the application to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was an Antiochene in Christology, deeply influenced by the ideas of Theodore of Mopsuestia, and it was his clumsy, clumsily articulated elucidation of the inferences of the position of the Antiochenes that was to set light to the controversy. Quite early on Nestorius was called upon to pronounce on the suitability of Theotokos as a title of the Virgin Mary, and ruled that its correctness was doubtful unless Christotokos was added to balance it. But in getting himself around this issue Nestorius used uncontrolled language which was calculated to provoke those whose approach was different to his own. He argued that no human being could be Gods mother and no human being could give birth to God; Mary gave birth to a man not God, the instrument of divinity. God could not have been carried for nine months in a womans womb, or have been wrapped in baby-clothes, or have suffered, died and been buried. Behind the description of Mary as Theotokos, he professed to detect the Arian theory that Marys Son was human or the Apollinarian concept that the manhood was imperfect. These flare-ups of Nestorius were calculated to be confrontational. But they played into the hands of Cyril of Alexandria, Nestoriuss bitter rival. Cyril claimed to see in them as a resurgence of the theory of two sons which was rejected in the fourth century. Alarmed by this claim that Marys son was just a man, Eusebius, later to become Bishop of Dorylaeum, quickly concluded that Nestorius was trying to re-establish the adoptionism of Paul of Samosata. By exploiting this interpretation Cyril was able to secure Nestoriuss condemnation as a heretic at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Based on these judgements the traditional picture of Nestorianism as a heresy which split God/man into two distinct Persons rapidly formed itself. When Divine Scripture is about to tell of the birth of Christ from the Virgin Mary or [his] death, in no place does it appear that it puts God but either Christ or Son or Lord, because these three are indicative of the two natures, now of this and now of that, now of the one and now of the other. For example, when the Book relates unto us the birth from the Virgin, whom docs it say? God sent his Son. It says not that God sent God the Word, but it takes a name which indicates both the natures. Since the Son is man and God, it says that God sent his Son and he was born of a woman; and therein thou seest that the name is put which indicates both the natures. Thou callest [him] Son according to the birth from the blessed Virgin, for the Virgin Mother / of Christ bare the Son of God. But since the Son of God is twofold in natures, she bare not the Son of God but she bare the humanity, which is the Son because of the Son who is united thereto (Nestorius, 450 AD). The first chapter of St Johns Gospel tell us quite simply that the Word became flesh and dwelt among us. Two points need to be noticed. The first is that in Hebrew flesh and blood means not just the material part of a man in contrast with his soul, but human nature as a whole. The second is that St John does not say that the Word united flesh to himself, but that he became flesh. St Athanasius was fundamentally clear on this point. In general, however, he was quite content to think of the Incarnation as taking place through the union of human flesh to the divine Word. He took upon him our flesh, as Aaron did his robe, and assumed a body like ours, having Mary for the Mother of his body (Athanasius, 356/360). Nestorius himself never drew from his premises the conclusions which Cyril believed him to have drawn and which were drawn by some of his followers. Nor is it to be supposed that the outlook of Antiochene theology logically implied the Nestorian heresy. What is true, however, is that, while the pluralistic emphasis of Antioch made it perfectly easy to preserve the distinction of the humanity and the divinity in Christ, it made it very difficult to provide for their real union. Apollinarius had maintained the union by removing from Christs humanity one of its constituents, the rational soul, and inserting the divine Word (Logos) in its place. No Antiochene could tolerate such a mutilation; the humanity must remain entire and complete. But how then is this unity of divinity and humanity to be effected? If the humanity is complete we shall surely have a complete human individual and it will be this individual and not the divine Word (Logos) who will be the subject of Christs life. No wonder, then, the Alexandrian will reflect, that these Antiochenes refuse to call Mary theotokos; they cannot help believing that he whom she bore was not God but a man, even if God came to dwell in him after she had borne him. Whatever they may say, they believe in two Sons, one the Son of God and the other the son of Mary, however close the relation of the two may be. The clash between these points of view was fierce at first. Cyrils intervention was quick when he heard of Nestoriuss mockery of Theotokos, in refuting what he deemed gross heresy. The patriarchs exchanged some quite prickly letters without with neither of them making any significant headway. So, Pope Celestine was contacted by Cyril, who send him a dossier of extracts from Nestoriuss writings and from the declarations made on the Incarnation by the reverend fathers of past generations. Nestorius also wrote letters to Celestine and in his third he stated: I have learned that Cyril, the most distinguished bishop of the city of Alexandria, has become worried about reports against him that we received, and is now hunting for subterfuges to avoid a holy synod taking place due to these reports. In the meantime he is devising some other disturbances over terms and has chosen [as a point of controversy] the term Theotokos and Christotokos: the first he allows, but as for Christotokos, sometimes he removes it from the gospels, and sometimes he allows it, on the basis of what I believe is a kind of excessive prudence. In the case of the term Theotokos, I am not opposed to those who want to say it, unless it should advance to the confusion of natures in the manner of the madness of Apollinaris or Arius. Nonetheless, I have no doubt that the term Theotokos is inferior to the term Christotokos, as the latter is mentioned by the angels and the gospels. And if I were not speaking to Your Worship who is already so knowledgeable, I would need to give a very long discourse on this topic. But even without a discourse, it is known in every way to Your Beatitude, that if we should think that there are two groups opposed to each other, the one using only the term Theotokos, the other only Anthropotokos, and each group draws [others] to what it confesses or, if they have not accomplished this, puts [others] in danger of falling from the church, it would be necessary to assign someone to such an affair if it arises who exercises concern for both groups and heals the danger of both parties by means of the term taken from the gospels that signifies both natures. For as I said, the term Christotokos keeps the assertion of both parties to the proper limits, because it both removes the blasphemy of Paul of Samosata, who claimed that Christ the Lord of all was simply a human being, and also flees the wickedness of Arius and Apollinaris. Now I have written these very things to the most distinguished bishop of Alexandria, as Your Beatitude can tell from the copies I have attached to this letter of mine, as well as from the copies of what he wrote to us. Moreover, with Gods help it has also been agreed to announce a world-wide synod in order to inquire into the other ecclesiastical matters. For I do not think it will be difficult to investigate an uncertainty over words, and it is not a hindrance for a discussion of the divinity of Christ the Lord (Nestorius, 430) It did not take to long for Celestine to make a decision, and he called a synod in Rome in August 430 which decided against Nestorius and voted in favour of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was given a warning that, within ten days he would be treated as excommunicate unless, after receiving the notification, he retracted his teaching. The implementation of this ruling was given to Cyril and he characteristically carried out his task. He held a synod at Alexandria, afterwards sending a letter to Nestorius requiring him to subscribe to twelve anathemas. These anathemas, which were intentionally confrontational, summarise in terms which were uncompromising the Cyrilline Christology, some of which I reference here: If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the holy virgin is the mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh, let him be anathema. If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema. If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema. If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as the Word became flesh, and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema. If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema. If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshipped and glorified together with the divine Word and be called God along with him, while being separate from him, (for the addition of with must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to him one doxology, even as the Word became flesh, let him be anathema. (Alexandria, 430). This union of two natures in the one divine Person of Christ is called the hypostatic or personal union. It is the mystery of the Incarnation of God; it is also the mystery of the divine Motherhood of Mary. Cyril also said in this letter: Therefore, because the holy virgin bore in the flesh God who was united hypostatically with the flesh, for that reason we call her mother of God, not as though the nature of the Word had the beginning of its existence from the flesh (for the Word was in the beginning and the Word was God and the Word was with God, and he made the ages and is coeternal with the Father and craftsman of all things), but because, as we have said, he united to himself hypostatically the human and underwent a birth according to the flesh from her womb. This was not as though he needed necessarily or for his own nature a birth in time and in the last times of this age, but in order that he might bless the beginning of our existence, in order that seeing that it was a woman that had given birth to him united to the flesh, the curse against the whole race should thereafter cease which was consigning all our earthy bodies to death, and in order that the removal through him of the curse, In sorrow thou shalt br ing forth children, should demonstrate the truth of the words of the prophet: Strong death swallowed them Up, and again, God has wiped every tear away from all face. It is for this cause that we say that in his economy he blessed marriage and, when invited, went down to Cana in Galilee with his holy apostles (Alexandria, 430). A letter was issued by Theodosius summoning a general council to meet at Ephesus at Pentecost 431, with an astonishing medley of rival meetings taking place before the event. Recognised as the Third General Council Ephesus was effective in that Nestorius was never rehabilitated, dying in exile in 451. Its more positive achievement was to canonize the Nicene creed as establishing orthodoxy. In the two years following Ephesus strenuous efforts were made to heal the divisions in the Church. The instrument of agreement, known as the Formula of Reunion, was contained in a letter sent by John of Antioch to Cyril, it ran as follows: We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, perfect God and perfect man composed of a rational soul and body, begotten before the ages from the Father in respect of His divinity, but likewise in these last days for us and our salvation from the Virgin Mary in respect of His manhood, consubstantial with the Father in respect of His divinity and at the same time consubstantial with us in respect of His manhood. For the union(henosis) of two natures has been accomplished. Hence we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. In virtue of this conception of a union without confusion we confess the holy Virgin as Theotokos because the divine Word became flesh and was made man and from the very conception united to Himself the temple taken from her. As for the evangelical and apostolic statements about the Lord, we recognise that theologians employ some indifferently in view of the unity of person but distinguish others in view of the duality of natures, applying the God-befitting ones to Christs divinity and the humble ones to His humanity (Antioch, 433). Cyril greeted this formulary with enthusiasm in his letter to John Laetentur coeli. Which was read out at the Council of Chalcedon, part of which I now cite: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, perfect God, and perfect Man of a reasonable soul and flesh consisting; begotten before the ages of the Father according to his Divinity, and in the last days, for us and for our salvation, of Mary the Virgin according to his humanity, of the same substance with his Father according to his Divinity, and of the same substance with us according to his humanity; for there became a union of two natures. Wherefore we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. According to this understanding of this unmixed union, we confess the holy Virgin to be Mother of God; because God the Word was incarnate and became Man, and from this conception he united the temple taken from her with himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chalcedon, 451). After these early great councils of the Church feasts to The Blessed Virgin increased, lots of churches were dedicated to her and in the latter part of the seventh century four new feasts to Mary had started to be celebrated; the Annunciation, the Assumption, the Purification, and the Nativity of The Blessed Virgin Mary. With Pius IX promulgation of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 devotion to our Blessed Lady accelerated, and many appearances of the Blessed Virgin took place. And also at this time many Marian customs grew which included Maytime processions, the wearing of the Miraculous Medal and the Rosary. 1962 saw a major change which happened with Vatican II grounding more firmly in Scripture and liturgy devotion to Mary placing The Blessed Virgin securely in the mystery of the Church. The truth of the Blessed Virgin Marys divine Motherhood and its corresponding dignity are found in these words of the Second Vatican Council: The Virgin Mary, who at the message of the angel received the Word of God in her heart and in her body and gave Life to the world, is acknowledged and honoured as being truly the Mother of God and Mother of the Redeemer. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Because of this gift of sublime grace, she far surpasses all creatures, both in heaven and on earth. At the same time, however, because she belongs to the offspring of Adam she is one with all those who are to be saved (Lumen Gentium, 53). The mark of our Blessed Ladys holiness is that she was filled with the grace of God. The Blessed Virgin is the pattern to follow. Giving herself completely with love she was filled with the life of God. Marys Yes to the angels message reveals her part in the work of salvation. And the Angel said: Fear not, Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Holy Spirit shall come upon you, and the power of the most High shall overshadow you, and therefore the Holy which shall be born of you shall be called the Son of God (Luke 1:26-35). These are the words of the great mystery of Marys divine motherhood heralded by the angel in Lukes Gospel, their straightforwardness is persuasive as they announce the origin of our religion. In the beginning, they inspired triumphant faith, the faith of the martyrs and the Saints. The faith which will continue to inspire all Christians to the end of time.